எச்ஐவி/எய்ட்ஸ்: எம்ஆர்என்ஏ தடுப்பூசி முன் மருத்துவ பரிசோதனையில் உறுதியளிக்கிறது  

Successful development of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (of Pfizer/BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (of Moderna) against the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 and the important role these vaccines played recently in mass immunisation of people against COVID-19 pandemic in several countries has established ஆர்.என்.ஏ technology and is ushering in a new era in medicine and drug delivery. Its application in development of vaccines against other diseases and therapeutics for several diseases including cancer has already began showing early results. Recently, French scientists had reported a proof of concept for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common hereditary neurological disease that causes progressive paralysis of the legs. In the area of vaccine development, mRNA vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS is reported to have shown promise in pre-மருத்துவ trial in animals. The novel mRNA ஆனது-based HIV vaccine was found safe and reduced risk of HIV-like infection in monkeys thus paving way for phase 1 clinical trials. Based on this, a மருத்துவ trial sponsored by NIAID has started. Another clinical trial sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA ஆனது platform based is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens  

என்ற முதல் அறிக்கை வெளியாகி 40 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாகிறது எச் ஐ வி/எய்ட்ஸ் வழக்கு 1981. உலகளவில் அறிவியல் மற்றும் மருத்துவ சமூகத்தின் நீண்டகால ஒருங்கிணைந்த முயற்சிகள் இருந்தபோதிலும், எச்.ஐ.வி/எய்ட்ஸ்க்கு எதிரான பாதுகாப்பான மற்றும் பயனுள்ள தடுப்பூசி இதுவரை சாத்தியமில்லை, ஏனெனில் உறை புரதத்தின் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க ஆன்டிஜெனிக் மாறுபாடு உட்பட பல சவால்கள் உள்ளன. பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட எபிடோப்களின் கட்டமைப்பு மற்றும் ஆன்டிபாடிகளின் தன்னியக்க செயல்பாடு. பல அணுகுமுறைகள் முயற்சிக்கப்பட்டன, ஆனால் முடிவுகள் திருப்திகரமாக இல்லை. ஒரு மனித சோதனை மட்டுமே குறைந்த அளவிலான பாதுகாப்பை வழங்க முடியும் (~30%).  

வெற்றி mRNA ஆனது vaccines against SARS CoV-2 has opened up the possibility of developing mRNA ஆனது technology-based vaccines for other pathogenic viruses like Human Immunodeficiency viruses (எச் ஐ வி) responsible for AIDS. The researchers of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have recently reported development of a novel mRNA எச் ஐ வி vaccine which has shown promises in preclinical trials on animals.   

The NIAID research team used mRNA ஆனது for expression of two viral proteins – எச் ஐ வி-1 envelope (Env) protein and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein. Injection of mRNA ஆனது in the muscle for expression of these two proteins generated virus-like particles (VLPs) which was able to induce immune response similar to natural infection. உடலெதிரிகள் were formed that could neutralise and reduce the risk of infection (VLPs could not cause infection because of lack of genome of எச் ஐ வி). Vaccination with both env and gag mRNAs yielded better results. The vaccinated animals had 79% lower risk of infection than the unvaccinated animals. Safety and effectiveness data on animals suggested a promising approach for the development of mRNA ஆனது எதிராக தடுப்பூசி எச் ஐ வி.  

Encouraged by the results, the phase 1 மருத்துவ trial (NCT05217641) has been sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is currently recruiting participants.  

மற்றொரு மருத்துவ trial (NCT05001373) sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA ஆனது platform is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens originally developed as proteins at Scripps Research and IAVI’s Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC). This research team had earlier showed that ‘’an adjuvanted protein-based version of the priming immunogen (eOD-GT8 60mer) induced the desired B-cell response in 97% of recipients’’. 

Depending on satisfactory safety and effectiveness results from the மருத்துவ சோதனைகள், mRNA தடுப்பூசிகள் against HIV/AIDS may become available in near future.  

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குறிப்புகள்:  

1. Zhang, P., Narayanan, E., Liu, Q. et al. A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA ஆனது vaccine elicits tier-2 எச் ஐ வி-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques. Nat Med 27, 2234–2245 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01574-5 

2. A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BG505 MD39.3, BG505 MD39.3 gp151, and BG505 MD39.3 gp151 CD4KO HIV Trimer mRNA Vaccines in Healthy, எச் ஐ வி-uninfected Adult Participants – ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05217641 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217641?cond=NCT05217641&draw=2&rank=1  

3. IAVI – Press Releases – IAVI and Moderna launch trial of HIV vaccine antigens delivered through mRNA ஆனது technology. Posted January 27, 2022. Available at https://www.iavi.org/news-resources/press-releases/2022/iavi-and-moderna-launch-trial-of-mrna-hiv-vaccine-antigens  

4. A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA ஆனது-1644) and Core-g28v2 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA ஆனது-1644v2-Core). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05001373. Sponsor: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05001373?cond=NCT05001373&draw=2&rank=1  

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